Thursday, January 28, 2010
Thursday, January 7, 2010
Children of excessive drink-induced diabetic
If you find that eating more than the original, drink more than the original, but the people are not good physical phenomena, we should guard against the occurrence of diabetes, this time must go to the hospital to check out to see if blood sugar is not already reached the standard of diabetes a
To increase the manual labor in their daily lives, take part in more sports, more walking, biking to work is best to use, walking instead of driving, to develop good exercise habits, take part in more calories consumed large movement. At the same time insist on low-calorie diet, limiting consumption of carbonated beverages, eating less butter category, high-fat foods, is not far away from diabetes.
To increase the manual labor in their daily lives, take part in more sports, more walking, biking to work is best to use, walking instead of driving, to develop good exercise habits, take part in more calories consumed large movement. At the same time insist on low-calorie diet, limiting consumption of carbonated beverages, eating less butter category, high-fat foods, is not far away from diabetes.
Cold medicine for children, how much harm
Accused of a deadly cold medicine
Recently, one entitled "69 kinds of cold medicine or fatal side effects," the news caused strong concern in the country, news that the British government-affiliated drug safety regulators found on the market in the country as many as 69 kinds of children's cold cough medicine "no noticeable effect", and its cause side effects may lead to child deaths. At the same time, publish the news of the British pharmaceutical and medical product management center (MHRA) also pointed out that we must guard against cold cough medicines contain the majority of the 15 kinds of components, including the nasal mucosa vasoconstriction of pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, phenylephrine ( phenylephrine), Oxymetazoline, Cello oxazoline; --- antihistamine diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, promethazine, triprolidine, anti-Min An; suppress cough dextromethorphan sand Fen, Pholcodine, and for the Chutan Guaifenesin, ipecac agent. The Center confirmed that at least five children under the age of two cold medicine overdose killed and more than 100 serious cases of adverse reactions occur.
Tips
The best self-limiting influenza-BB
Children suffering from a cold can not take medicine, then in the end how to respond? In yesterday's program, experts pointed out that the majority of the current cold medicines are marketed only to a variety of cold symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, dizziness, cough and other effective mitigation, but rather the right causing the common cold virus itself does not have any therapeutic effect. In addition, many diseases, such as myocarditis, enteritis and other symptoms of cold similar to the performance, so a simple cold medicine to relieve symptoms without the use of timely treatment, they will have more serious consequences. Experts believe that the vast majority of influenza virus can in fact be self-limiting, in this case only the need to strengthen care, supplementary nutrition, more rest, and then to carry out targeted treatment of fever, etc., does not need medication. Once a child suffering from a cold, parents should kids go to pediatric treatment, and in accordance with the recommendations of a doctor medications medication must not be arbitrary.
People aged less optimistic about the disease
A new study found that "life difficult for the elderly," the young people into old age, are more likely to suffer from heart disease and stroke.
The study began in 1968, follow-up survey of 386 18-49 year-old involved in the tests, of whom 81 were females, males 305. A number of subjects who received the survey to enable them to judge involved in a number of viewpoints on the issues confronting the elderly, for example, "Old age has no use of" and so on. The researchers compared and analyzed in 2007 subjects who answer the questionnaire and their own risk of heart disease, heart failure, angina, stroke or "mini-stroke" the correlation between risk and found that a negative attitude toward life in the older person, After 30 years of the survey, 25% of people get heart disease. The optimistic about life in the older crowd, heart disease rate was only 13%.
New research host Yale School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University Professor of Psychology Beikalaiwei said the young man was a positive attitude to life should be, so enter old age they would be healthier.
The study began in 1968, follow-up survey of 386 18-49 year-old involved in the tests, of whom 81 were females, males 305. A number of subjects who received the survey to enable them to judge involved in a number of viewpoints on the issues confronting the elderly, for example, "Old age has no use of" and so on. The researchers compared and analyzed in 2007 subjects who answer the questionnaire and their own risk of heart disease, heart failure, angina, stroke or "mini-stroke" the correlation between risk and found that a negative attitude toward life in the older person, After 30 years of the survey, 25% of people get heart disease. The optimistic about life in the older crowd, heart disease rate was only 13%.
New research host Yale School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University Professor of Psychology Beikalaiwei said the young man was a positive attitude to life should be, so enter old age they would be healthier.
How clever response to sudden increase in blood pressure
Biao high blood pressure, triggering the diseases
Biao Gao blood pressure induced by a variety of diseases, which distinguish from the manifestations of the 12 to facilitate their own or family emergency. Shu-Chuan Liu said that many of hypertensive emergency-induced disease is fatal, but if self-help prompt, effective treatment still turned the corner.
Status of a:
Headache, dizziness, irritability, nausea, vomiting, and accompanied by a sudden increase in blood pressure
Diseases: hypertensive encephalopathy
First aid measures: bed rest immediately and promptly served antihypertensive drugs. After medication and rest, if not better condition, shall notify the emergency center to the hospital emergency.
Condition 2:
Headache, vomiting, also appear limb numbness, paralysis, disturbance of consciousness
Disease: Acute cerebrovascular disease
First aid measures: immediately notify the emergency center. At the same time immediate Lying, biased towards the side of the head to prevent them from inhaling vomit airway, causing aspiration, leading to suffocation or aspiration pneumonia.
Condition III:
Palpitations shortness of breath, lips cyanosis, difficulty in breathing accompanied by cough sputum pink bubble
Disease: acute left heart failure
First aid measures: not Horizontal quickly take the patient sitting, legs sagging, such as at home with oxygen bag, they should immediately give the patient oxygen, and immediately notify the emergency center.
Condition 4:
In tiredness or subject to mental stimulation, sudden chest pain, chest tightness, and radiation to the left shoulder or left upper limb, looking pale, a cold sweat ... ...
Disease: acute angina pectoris or myocardial infarction
First aid measures: let the patient quiet and rest, a sublingual nitroglycerin and oxygen inhalation, immediately call emergency center.
Sunday, January 3, 2010
"Old age disease" more and more young
Experts suggest that: young people usually have to pay more attention to the body, especially the obese people should always pay attention to their blood pressure, if found to have chest pain, chest tightness and other symptoms should promptly to the hospital for consultation of Cardiology, found that abnormal early treatment.
Experts suggest that: young people should be eating and drinking, heavy smoking and heavy drinking, usually have high blood pressure in the elderly, should be prescribed by a doctor taking the medication; winter clothing to increase in a timely manner, was warm and purchase facilities, pay attention to the head protection Warm.
Cold does not care, this has developed into pneumonia
Winter cold, air dry, the resistance of respiratory tract vulnerable to a decline, high incidence of respiratory diseases, which significantly increased in patients with pneumonia, one of the reasons is that some patients not pay enough attention to the common cold.
Experts suggest: prevention, reduction of respiratory disease, be sure to keep warm. Secondly, we must maintain the indoor air clean, open air-conditioning is best put a basin of water, conditions can be equipped with a humidifier, so that indoor air to maintain a certain humidity, so as not to be affected because of air-drying the discharge of respiratory secretions.
In addition, we should drink plenty of water, eat more vegetables, more rest, more exercise, improve the body's resistance. Every morning can also try to wash your face with cold water, wash the nose, the ability to help patients improve the cold.
Experts suggest that: young people should be eating and drinking, heavy smoking and heavy drinking, usually have high blood pressure in the elderly, should be prescribed by a doctor taking the medication; winter clothing to increase in a timely manner, was warm and purchase facilities, pay attention to the head protection Warm.
Cold does not care, this has developed into pneumonia
Winter cold, air dry, the resistance of respiratory tract vulnerable to a decline, high incidence of respiratory diseases, which significantly increased in patients with pneumonia, one of the reasons is that some patients not pay enough attention to the common cold.
Experts suggest: prevention, reduction of respiratory disease, be sure to keep warm. Secondly, we must maintain the indoor air clean, open air-conditioning is best put a basin of water, conditions can be equipped with a humidifier, so that indoor air to maintain a certain humidity, so as not to be affected because of air-drying the discharge of respiratory secretions.
In addition, we should drink plenty of water, eat more vegetables, more rest, more exercise, improve the body's resistance. Every morning can also try to wash your face with cold water, wash the nose, the ability to help patients improve the cold.
Saturday, January 2, 2010
How to control their own blood pressure
Mercury, the electronic two kinds of blood pressure What is the difference?
Self-blood pressure, hypertension treatment in improving the initiative, control high blood pressure have a positive meaning and the differential diagnosis of hypertension, efficacy assessment and risk prediction of cardiovascular disease have taken place significant value. QIU Ding-Rong reminded that the correct choice of instrument, control of blood pressure self-test method is very important.
Blood pressure measuring instruments are normally two kinds of mercury and electronic, QIU Ding-Rong introduced, usually the former hospitals are using electronic devices because of the operation is convenient and widely used in the family. For patients with less mercury questioned the accuracy of electronic, QIU Ding-Rong introduced in the instrument testing, I found the two measurement results, and there is no significant difference. As for the electronic instruments, he also broke up wrist and arm, with high blood lipids, and diabetes patients to use arm, because such patients peripheral blood circulation is poor, easily lead to inaccurate measurement results.
Blood pressure should be the standard
Usually pre-pay attention to blood pressure should be first emptied of gas within the blood pressure cuff, and then tied on the upper arm cuff formation should not be too loose or too tight, so as not to affect the accuracy of measured values. Subjects were supine, by measuring the arm should be placed on the same level with the right atrium, and outreach 45 degrees. Cuff should be the lower edge of the cubital fossa 2 cm. The stethoscope's chest piece (ie the stethoscope of the round) on the strongest parts of the brachial artery pulse, and with the close relative to the skin paste, gently pressing with his left hand fixed.
Measurements can not be fast too fast inflatable, to uniform, controlling around in 4 mm Hg / s, balloon pressure should be achieved within the radial artery pulse disappears and then a long and 30 mm Hg (mmHg), and then the slow rate constant deflated. In the discharge gas process, when they heard the first sound / of that soon as the loudest when the mercury a few cents instructions shall be systolic blood pressure; when the sound suddenly became weak, instructions mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure. If not hear clearly, you should put the gas within the cuff end, so that mercury dropped to zero, stop for a moment, then repeated measurements, note the value of quasi-measure.
If you need a daily observation of changes in blood pressure should be at the same time, using the same position, using the same blood pressure measurements on the same side arm blood pressure, so that the measured results will be more reliable. Blood pressure during the day is not a constant, and measuring blood pressure, preferably in the morning one wakes up, there is no activity measurement is best to eat the early morning of antihypertensive agents are more appropriate.
Self-blood pressure, hypertension treatment in improving the initiative, control high blood pressure have a positive meaning and the differential diagnosis of hypertension, efficacy assessment and risk prediction of cardiovascular disease have taken place significant value. QIU Ding-Rong reminded that the correct choice of instrument, control of blood pressure self-test method is very important.
Blood pressure measuring instruments are normally two kinds of mercury and electronic, QIU Ding-Rong introduced, usually the former hospitals are using electronic devices because of the operation is convenient and widely used in the family. For patients with less mercury questioned the accuracy of electronic, QIU Ding-Rong introduced in the instrument testing, I found the two measurement results, and there is no significant difference. As for the electronic instruments, he also broke up wrist and arm, with high blood lipids, and diabetes patients to use arm, because such patients peripheral blood circulation is poor, easily lead to inaccurate measurement results.
Blood pressure should be the standard
Usually pre-pay attention to blood pressure should be first emptied of gas within the blood pressure cuff, and then tied on the upper arm cuff formation should not be too loose or too tight, so as not to affect the accuracy of measured values. Subjects were supine, by measuring the arm should be placed on the same level with the right atrium, and outreach 45 degrees. Cuff should be the lower edge of the cubital fossa 2 cm. The stethoscope's chest piece (ie the stethoscope of the round) on the strongest parts of the brachial artery pulse, and with the close relative to the skin paste, gently pressing with his left hand fixed.
Measurements can not be fast too fast inflatable, to uniform, controlling around in 4 mm Hg / s, balloon pressure should be achieved within the radial artery pulse disappears and then a long and 30 mm Hg (mmHg), and then the slow rate constant deflated. In the discharge gas process, when they heard the first sound / of that soon as the loudest when the mercury a few cents instructions shall be systolic blood pressure; when the sound suddenly became weak, instructions mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure. If not hear clearly, you should put the gas within the cuff end, so that mercury dropped to zero, stop for a moment, then repeated measurements, note the value of quasi-measure.
If you need a daily observation of changes in blood pressure should be at the same time, using the same position, using the same blood pressure measurements on the same side arm blood pressure, so that the measured results will be more reliable. Blood pressure during the day is not a constant, and measuring blood pressure, preferably in the morning one wakes up, there is no activity measurement is best to eat the early morning of antihypertensive agents are more appropriate.
Friday, January 1, 2010
Acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke) in treatment
1 What is called the acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke)? Acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke) and type?
Acute cerebrovascular disease, commonly known in popular stroke, stroke, was originally a name of disease in medicine, as far away as two thousand years ago China's Medical Code of Canon of Medicine had an initial discussion of stroke. [In] is the abrupt onset of the meaning, [the wind] is the sudden change in the disease emergency such as wind, the symptoms varied. Modern medicine in acute cerebral vascular diseases are still referred to as a stroke.
Medical acute cerebrovascular disease is the rupture or occlusion of blood vessels, resulting in insufficient brain blood circulation. Normal physiological activity of brain cells, energy metabolism by the destruction of harmful accumulation of metabolic wastes can not be maintained at normal levels, brain cells quickly die. Give rise to different neurological dysfunction. For example, paralysis, lack of clarity in speech.
2, acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke) What are the common symptoms:
1, partial body numbness, weakness;
2, blurred vision, field of vision narrows;
3, unclear speech, reading and writing difficulties;
4, dysphagia, drooling, drinking water, choking;
5, headache, dizziness or confusion.
Third, how the classification of acute cerebral vascular disease
Acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke) classification generally divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
3, ischemic stroke include?
1, transient ischemic attack is an acute short-term, reversible nerve dysfunction. Such short-term brain damage and stroke also have the same symptoms, but generally maintain a few seconds to a few minutes, generally within 24 hours, most can resume. The recent onset of frequent transient ischemic attack is a stroke of the super alarm; According to the statistics of such patients is about 1 / 3 of development of cerebral infarction, 1 / 3 to continue to attack, 1 / 3 can be self-mitigation.
2, cerebral infarction, there are two reasons:
(1) cerebral thrombosis: Due to damage or fat deposition, which originally produced a smooth intima lesions, platelets began to accumulate gradually formed in the lumen thrombosis, arteries become increasingly narrow and eventually block blood flow.
(2) cerebral embolism: blood clot, fat, air bubbles and other blocked cerebral blood vessels, causing blood flow interruption. These abnormal substances generally known as emboli, most of the emboli were cardiac, such as heart valve disease or atrial fibrillation may cause emboli, others such as atherosclerotic arteries occurs when the lining may be bleeding the formation of plaque thrombosis, some thrombus chance to fall off, with the blood flow, the formation of emboli.
(3) lacunar infarction: a first stroke by nearly 20% of patients are lacunar infarction type. Where a range of less than 20mm are called cerebral lacunar infarction. The most common is within the range of 2-4mm. Generally due to the small occurrence of cerebral blood vessels caused by hyaline degeneration. High blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and may have been induced hyalinization factors.
4, hemorrhagic stroke, what?
1, cerebral hemorrhage: cerebral hemorrhage is the rupture of blood vessels within the brain parenchyma, blood spill, and the formation of hematoma within the brain tissue. As the hematoma occupies space and can cause pressure on adjacent structures, and further affect the cerebral blood circulation, the clinical manifestations of rapid onset, rapid emergence of partial body weakness, aphasia, severe headache, vomiting, disturbance of consciousness and other symptoms.
2, subarachnoid hemorrhage: cerebral surface or the bottom of the brain blood vessel ruptures, the blood directly into the subarachnoid space and the brain pool. Young group, the more a result of intracranial vascular malformation or aneurysm rupture caused by, the elderly are often used for high blood pressure caused by rupture of arteriosclerotic blood vessels. Clinically manifested as sudden severe headache with vomiting, with or without confusion, the general unbiased body weakness, aphasia and other symptoms.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage condition are generally serious, cerebral vasospasm, rebleeding risk, the chance of relapse, patients require a longer time to the absolute bed rest for about a month to prevent re-bleeding patients to the hospital to do angiography to confirmed the presence of aneurysms or vascular malformations.
5, acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke) and risk factors
With the occurrence of stroke-related factors are many. According to epidemiological survey, the following factors will be induced to varying degrees, the occurrence of stroke.
1, high blood pressure: 70% of the occurrence of stroke, and high blood pressure related. When the blood pressure often 140-159mmHg/90-99mmHg level, known as a high blood pressure, patients should pay special attention to their blood pressure, timing measurements, to avoid overweight, reduce the stressful life and get rid of high-salt food. When the blood pressure is always in excess 160-179/100-109mmHg have reached the 2 hypertension (WHO / ISH, 1999), in secondary hypertension, the incidence of stroke has increased by 50%. Hypertension to be a doctor under the guidance of long-term medication, do not self-withdrawal.
2, smoking: Nicotine can make blood pressure, heart rate abnormalities. Moreover, carbon monoxide, to stimulate the increase in the number of red blood cells, blood thus become sticky, velocity slowed down. Smoking will lead to a-fold increase in ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage increased three-fold.
3, alcohol: alcohol per week than men 300ml, the chance of stroke increased by 4.7 times more likely to cause brain hemorrhage. It is proposed that all alcohol.
4 Diabetes: diabetes and microvascular or macrovascular disease, hyperlipidemia is closely related to insulin for the body of sugar, fat and protein metabolism regulate the role. For this reason, diabetes, many people will be complicated with hyperlipemia, nerve fiber atrophy, vascular stenosis, etc., will stroke the opportunity to increase 4-fold.
5, hyperlipemia: blood lipids in high cholesterol and triglycerides may induce atherosclerosis occurs, especially in low-density lipoprotein levels increased with ischemic stroke related to increased coronary and cerebral vascular stenosis risk.
6, the metabolic syndrome: Metabolic syndrome is linked to obesity, high blood pressure, lipid disorders and diabetes, a variety of factors such as cardiovascular disease syndrome caused by aggregation, and is closely related to stroke. Adiponectin is intracranial atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome related factors, adiponectin levels decrease under certain conditions, prompted an increased risk of stroke.
6, the brain's blood supply
Internal carotid artery and vertebral artery is the main blood vessel that carries blood to the brain. Internal carotid artery is a branch out from the common carotid artery into the brain were divided into anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery, while the middle cerebral artery is responsible for nearly 2 / 3 of the blood supply to the brain hemisphere. Left vertebral artery from the subclavian artery, innominate artery branch out. They merge into the basilar artery in the brain is responsible for blood supply to the cerebellum, brain stem and cerebral hemispheres of the occipital location.
7, vascular physiological changes
The vessel wall will be added gradually with age and aging, the original will be flexible and soft tissue fibrosis and harden. This is a normal process of hardening of the arteries. However, the following factors such as: smoking, hypertension, diabetes and high blood lipids to further accelerate the hardening of the arteries and narrow.
A, artery atherosclerosis: the normal range, blood sample into a laminar flow, the cells concentrated in the central, vascular intimal cells and vessel wall separation. Once the integrity of the lining is damaged, platelets will knot together, attached to the damaged intimal area, to form (white coke). Red blood cells, fibrin by adding plug endometrium (the wound) action, the final form (red thrombus formation), lumen stenosis, blood flow will become turbulent chaos.
B, Atherosclerosis: the so-called atherosclerotic arterial disease of the intima, one of the most common in large or medium-sized arteries. Atherosclerosis is always on the lipid deposition, intimal thickening gradually added, might ultimately lead to atheroma. Accumulated endometrial become not smooth, it is easy lining is damaged, platelets then assembled and attached to blood vessel wall, the thrombus thus gradually formed.
C, aneurysm formation and rupture: the construction of cerebral blood wall already thin, older people within the vascular wall elastic tissue reduced more easily damaged by high blood pressure, resulting in cerebral aneurysms. Among young people, congenital aneurysms are more common. Aneurysm rupture is a common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
8, come with acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke) How is it treated?
Won with acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke) after the time is very important for early diagnosis and treatment in time to the hospital, generally within 4.5 hours of the onset of a thrombolytic indications that the emerging international and domestic large hospitals use r - TPA for thrombolytic, drugs are imported from Germany, the cost of about 5 ~ 6 1000, in the hospital with the condition can be, as we have Central Hospital, first do CT angiography, CT perfusion imaging, blood tests, electrocardiogram, more importantly, is that these patients have the physical conditions of all aspects of assessment, into the set of conditions that can be carried out, not allowed to re-enter another treatment program.
8, acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke) check
A diagnosis
A, clinical examination: inspection, including physical movement, sensation, speech, consciousness, and vision inspection, in addition, laboratory reports, including blood glucose, hemoglobin, platelets, lipids and other blood clotting time and place that can help patients have anemia, bleeding tendency of blood lipid abnormalities or high blood viscosity and so on. ECG can monitor heart rate activity, cardiac electrical conduction and to exclude myocardial infarction and so on.
Other checks such as blood pressure, body temperature monitoring in the acute phase of stroke is also very important, high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure greater than 220mmHg / diastolic blood pressure greater than 110mmHg), must be promptly corrected, such as patients with sustained high fever, suggesting poor prognosis.
B, special inspection
(1) CT scan: CT see if the low-density lesions on the film, mostly seen in ischemic stroke patients. Hemorrhagic stroke in the skull can be seen on the CT film of high-density lesion.
(2) magnetic resonance angiography: Check the need for injection of a special projection of agents into the body, and in a strong magnetic field, showing that intracranial vascular imaging. If the body surface of metal, can cause adverse reactions. Have found an example of metal stents, pacemakers, steel and so on, or has engaged in metal manufacturing or processing industries should be 11 to tell health care workers. Inspection, patients need to remain intact.
(3) by transcranial Doppler: Transcranial Doppler ultrasound is used to detect blood flow velocity. Inspection is non-invasive, and safe, so doing it can be assumed collateral blood vessels, particularly the degree of stenosis.
(4), Cervical vascular ultrasound: It is an ultrasound examination. The focus in the neck blood vessels, especially the carotid artery. In addition to detecting the speed of blood flow, the hardening of the arteries can also determine the extent and stenosis of blood vessels.
Acute cerebrovascular disease, commonly known in popular stroke, stroke, was originally a name of disease in medicine, as far away as two thousand years ago China's Medical Code of Canon of Medicine had an initial discussion of stroke. [In] is the abrupt onset of the meaning, [the wind] is the sudden change in the disease emergency such as wind, the symptoms varied. Modern medicine in acute cerebral vascular diseases are still referred to as a stroke.
Medical acute cerebrovascular disease is the rupture or occlusion of blood vessels, resulting in insufficient brain blood circulation. Normal physiological activity of brain cells, energy metabolism by the destruction of harmful accumulation of metabolic wastes can not be maintained at normal levels, brain cells quickly die. Give rise to different neurological dysfunction. For example, paralysis, lack of clarity in speech.
2, acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke) What are the common symptoms:
1, partial body numbness, weakness;
2, blurred vision, field of vision narrows;
3, unclear speech, reading and writing difficulties;
4, dysphagia, drooling, drinking water, choking;
5, headache, dizziness or confusion.
Third, how the classification of acute cerebral vascular disease
Acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke) classification generally divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
3, ischemic stroke include?
1, transient ischemic attack is an acute short-term, reversible nerve dysfunction. Such short-term brain damage and stroke also have the same symptoms, but generally maintain a few seconds to a few minutes, generally within 24 hours, most can resume. The recent onset of frequent transient ischemic attack is a stroke of the super alarm; According to the statistics of such patients is about 1 / 3 of development of cerebral infarction, 1 / 3 to continue to attack, 1 / 3 can be self-mitigation.
2, cerebral infarction, there are two reasons:
(1) cerebral thrombosis: Due to damage or fat deposition, which originally produced a smooth intima lesions, platelets began to accumulate gradually formed in the lumen thrombosis, arteries become increasingly narrow and eventually block blood flow.
(2) cerebral embolism: blood clot, fat, air bubbles and other blocked cerebral blood vessels, causing blood flow interruption. These abnormal substances generally known as emboli, most of the emboli were cardiac, such as heart valve disease or atrial fibrillation may cause emboli, others such as atherosclerotic arteries occurs when the lining may be bleeding the formation of plaque thrombosis, some thrombus chance to fall off, with the blood flow, the formation of emboli.
(3) lacunar infarction: a first stroke by nearly 20% of patients are lacunar infarction type. Where a range of less than 20mm are called cerebral lacunar infarction. The most common is within the range of 2-4mm. Generally due to the small occurrence of cerebral blood vessels caused by hyaline degeneration. High blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and may have been induced hyalinization factors.
4, hemorrhagic stroke, what?
1, cerebral hemorrhage: cerebral hemorrhage is the rupture of blood vessels within the brain parenchyma, blood spill, and the formation of hematoma within the brain tissue. As the hematoma occupies space and can cause pressure on adjacent structures, and further affect the cerebral blood circulation, the clinical manifestations of rapid onset, rapid emergence of partial body weakness, aphasia, severe headache, vomiting, disturbance of consciousness and other symptoms.
2, subarachnoid hemorrhage: cerebral surface or the bottom of the brain blood vessel ruptures, the blood directly into the subarachnoid space and the brain pool. Young group, the more a result of intracranial vascular malformation or aneurysm rupture caused by, the elderly are often used for high blood pressure caused by rupture of arteriosclerotic blood vessels. Clinically manifested as sudden severe headache with vomiting, with or without confusion, the general unbiased body weakness, aphasia and other symptoms.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage condition are generally serious, cerebral vasospasm, rebleeding risk, the chance of relapse, patients require a longer time to the absolute bed rest for about a month to prevent re-bleeding patients to the hospital to do angiography to confirmed the presence of aneurysms or vascular malformations.
5, acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke) and risk factors
With the occurrence of stroke-related factors are many. According to epidemiological survey, the following factors will be induced to varying degrees, the occurrence of stroke.
1, high blood pressure: 70% of the occurrence of stroke, and high blood pressure related. When the blood pressure often 140-159mmHg/90-99mmHg level, known as a high blood pressure, patients should pay special attention to their blood pressure, timing measurements, to avoid overweight, reduce the stressful life and get rid of high-salt food. When the blood pressure is always in excess 160-179/100-109mmHg have reached the 2 hypertension (WHO / ISH, 1999), in secondary hypertension, the incidence of stroke has increased by 50%. Hypertension to be a doctor under the guidance of long-term medication, do not self-withdrawal.
2, smoking: Nicotine can make blood pressure, heart rate abnormalities. Moreover, carbon monoxide, to stimulate the increase in the number of red blood cells, blood thus become sticky, velocity slowed down. Smoking will lead to a-fold increase in ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage increased three-fold.
3, alcohol: alcohol per week than men 300ml, the chance of stroke increased by 4.7 times more likely to cause brain hemorrhage. It is proposed that all alcohol.
4 Diabetes: diabetes and microvascular or macrovascular disease, hyperlipidemia is closely related to insulin for the body of sugar, fat and protein metabolism regulate the role. For this reason, diabetes, many people will be complicated with hyperlipemia, nerve fiber atrophy, vascular stenosis, etc., will stroke the opportunity to increase 4-fold.
5, hyperlipemia: blood lipids in high cholesterol and triglycerides may induce atherosclerosis occurs, especially in low-density lipoprotein levels increased with ischemic stroke related to increased coronary and cerebral vascular stenosis risk.
6, the metabolic syndrome: Metabolic syndrome is linked to obesity, high blood pressure, lipid disorders and diabetes, a variety of factors such as cardiovascular disease syndrome caused by aggregation, and is closely related to stroke. Adiponectin is intracranial atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome related factors, adiponectin levels decrease under certain conditions, prompted an increased risk of stroke.
6, the brain's blood supply
Internal carotid artery and vertebral artery is the main blood vessel that carries blood to the brain. Internal carotid artery is a branch out from the common carotid artery into the brain were divided into anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery, while the middle cerebral artery is responsible for nearly 2 / 3 of the blood supply to the brain hemisphere. Left vertebral artery from the subclavian artery, innominate artery branch out. They merge into the basilar artery in the brain is responsible for blood supply to the cerebellum, brain stem and cerebral hemispheres of the occipital location.
7, vascular physiological changes
The vessel wall will be added gradually with age and aging, the original will be flexible and soft tissue fibrosis and harden. This is a normal process of hardening of the arteries. However, the following factors such as: smoking, hypertension, diabetes and high blood lipids to further accelerate the hardening of the arteries and narrow.
A, artery atherosclerosis: the normal range, blood sample into a laminar flow, the cells concentrated in the central, vascular intimal cells and vessel wall separation. Once the integrity of the lining is damaged, platelets will knot together, attached to the damaged intimal area, to form (white coke). Red blood cells, fibrin by adding plug endometrium (the wound) action, the final form (red thrombus formation), lumen stenosis, blood flow will become turbulent chaos.
B, Atherosclerosis: the so-called atherosclerotic arterial disease of the intima, one of the most common in large or medium-sized arteries. Atherosclerosis is always on the lipid deposition, intimal thickening gradually added, might ultimately lead to atheroma. Accumulated endometrial become not smooth, it is easy lining is damaged, platelets then assembled and attached to blood vessel wall, the thrombus thus gradually formed.
C, aneurysm formation and rupture: the construction of cerebral blood wall already thin, older people within the vascular wall elastic tissue reduced more easily damaged by high blood pressure, resulting in cerebral aneurysms. Among young people, congenital aneurysms are more common. Aneurysm rupture is a common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
8, come with acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke) How is it treated?
Won with acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke) after the time is very important for early diagnosis and treatment in time to the hospital, generally within 4.5 hours of the onset of a thrombolytic indications that the emerging international and domestic large hospitals use r - TPA for thrombolytic, drugs are imported from Germany, the cost of about 5 ~ 6 1000, in the hospital with the condition can be, as we have Central Hospital, first do CT angiography, CT perfusion imaging, blood tests, electrocardiogram, more importantly, is that these patients have the physical conditions of all aspects of assessment, into the set of conditions that can be carried out, not allowed to re-enter another treatment program.
8, acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke) check
A diagnosis
A, clinical examination: inspection, including physical movement, sensation, speech, consciousness, and vision inspection, in addition, laboratory reports, including blood glucose, hemoglobin, platelets, lipids and other blood clotting time and place that can help patients have anemia, bleeding tendency of blood lipid abnormalities or high blood viscosity and so on. ECG can monitor heart rate activity, cardiac electrical conduction and to exclude myocardial infarction and so on.
Other checks such as blood pressure, body temperature monitoring in the acute phase of stroke is also very important, high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure greater than 220mmHg / diastolic blood pressure greater than 110mmHg), must be promptly corrected, such as patients with sustained high fever, suggesting poor prognosis.
B, special inspection
(1) CT scan: CT see if the low-density lesions on the film, mostly seen in ischemic stroke patients. Hemorrhagic stroke in the skull can be seen on the CT film of high-density lesion.
(2) magnetic resonance angiography: Check the need for injection of a special projection of agents into the body, and in a strong magnetic field, showing that intracranial vascular imaging. If the body surface of metal, can cause adverse reactions. Have found an example of metal stents, pacemakers, steel and so on, or has engaged in metal manufacturing or processing industries should be 11 to tell health care workers. Inspection, patients need to remain intact.
(3) by transcranial Doppler: Transcranial Doppler ultrasound is used to detect blood flow velocity. Inspection is non-invasive, and safe, so doing it can be assumed collateral blood vessels, particularly the degree of stenosis.
(4), Cervical vascular ultrasound: It is an ultrasound examination. The focus in the neck blood vessels, especially the carotid artery. In addition to detecting the speed of blood flow, the hardening of the arteries can also determine the extent and stenosis of blood vessels.
Walking each day can prevent osteoporosis
To find out who it susceptible to osteoporosis? Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine rheumatology Chunyan said, aging, female menopause are risk factors for osteoporosis. In addition, low birth weight, low sex hormones, smoking, excessive alcohol or coffee and carbonated drinks, lack of physical activity, dietary lack of calcium or vitamin D will cause osteoporosis.
In addition, the impact of bone metabolism diseases, such as hyperthyroidism, diabetes, Sjogren's syndrome, a variety of chronic kidney disease due to renal osteodystrophy, as well as gastrointestinal diseases, blood diseases, nervous system diseases, organ transplants, would give rise to osteoporosis . Long-term use of glucocorticoid, immunosuppressive agents, antineoplastic, or renal failure with dialysis fluid and so on are also risk factors for osteoporosis.
Post-menopausal women, the elderly, low body weight or more persons and those with diseases or long-term use more medications to be extra vigilant against osteoporosis, it is best done on a regular basis go to the hospital-related inspections.
The experts also noted that some forty to fifty year-old woman often feel low back pain, sleeping at night and often by small calf "cramping" pain wake up, it is likely to be the performance of osteoporosis, but through treatment and exercise, is the ability to recover.
In order to avoid difficulties of osteoporosis, experts recommend that people drink 400 milliliters of milk per day, the sun drying 10 minutes, take 20 minutes way, non-smoking, no alcohol. For monitoring bone mineral density in elderly bone density test should be conducted once a year.
In addition, the impact of bone metabolism diseases, such as hyperthyroidism, diabetes, Sjogren's syndrome, a variety of chronic kidney disease due to renal osteodystrophy, as well as gastrointestinal diseases, blood diseases, nervous system diseases, organ transplants, would give rise to osteoporosis . Long-term use of glucocorticoid, immunosuppressive agents, antineoplastic, or renal failure with dialysis fluid and so on are also risk factors for osteoporosis.
Post-menopausal women, the elderly, low body weight or more persons and those with diseases or long-term use more medications to be extra vigilant against osteoporosis, it is best done on a regular basis go to the hospital-related inspections.
The experts also noted that some forty to fifty year-old woman often feel low back pain, sleeping at night and often by small calf "cramping" pain wake up, it is likely to be the performance of osteoporosis, but through treatment and exercise, is the ability to recover.
In order to avoid difficulties of osteoporosis, experts recommend that people drink 400 milliliters of milk per day, the sun drying 10 minutes, take 20 minutes way, non-smoking, no alcohol. For monitoring bone mineral density in elderly bone density test should be conducted once a year.
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